10 Common Causes of Smelly Urine
- 1. 'Changes in Urine; Symptoms, Causes & Treatment.' Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15357-urine-changes
- 2. 'Dehydration.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 19 Sept. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086
- 3. Publishing, Harvard Health. 'Urine Color and Odor Changes.' Harvard Health, www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/urine-color-and-odor-changes
- 4. 'Smelly Urine.' NHS Choices, NHS, www.nhs.uk/conditions/smelly-urine/
- 5. 'Cystitis.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 14 May 2020, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371306
- 6. 'Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 23 Apr. 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447
- 7. 'Type 2 Diabetes.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 20 Jan. 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193
- 8. 'Smelly Urine.' Nidirect, 13 Nov. 2019, www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/smelly-urine
- 9. 'Bladder Fistula.' Bladder Fistula: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Urology Care Foundation, www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/b/bladder-fistula
- 10. 'Maple Syrup Urine Disease: MedlinePlus Genetics.' MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Aug. 2020, medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maple-syrup-urine-disease/#inheritance
- 11. 'Trimethylaminuria.' NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders), 21 Oct. 2020, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/trimethylaminuria/
- 12. 'Kidney Stones.' National Kidney Foundation, 21 Jan. 2021, www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones
- 13. Osborne, Bridget V. 'A Nose for Trouble.' The British Journal of General Practice : the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of General Practitioners, Dec. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3505402/
- 14. 'Common Characteristics of Liver Disease.' Johns Hopkins Medicine, [www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-characteristics-of-liver-disease.](http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-characteristics-of-liver-disease.)
- 15. 'Liver Disease.' Nidirect, 12 Nov. 2019, www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/liver-disease
Trimethylaminuria
A rare disorder, trimethylaminuria occurs when the body cannot break down triethylamine. This chemical may cause an unpleasant, fishy odor in a person's perspiration, breath and urine. Most cases of trimethylaminuria are genetic. Management involves limiting the intake of foods containing lecithin and choline and using an antibiotic, such as metronidazole.
Another form of trimethylaminuria may develop when a person uses large quantities of the amino-acid derivative L-carnitine (levocarnitine) or choline. In this case, reducing intake of these substances resolves the symptoms.11‘Trimethylaminuria.’ NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders), 21 Oct. 2020, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/trimethylaminuria/
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