10 Common Causes of Smelly Urine
- 1. 'Changes in Urine; Symptoms, Causes & Treatment.' Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15357-urine-changes
- 2. 'Dehydration.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 19 Sept. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/symptoms-causes/syc-20354086
- 3. Publishing, Harvard Health. 'Urine Color and Odor Changes.' Harvard Health, www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/urine-color-and-odor-changes
- 4. 'Smelly Urine.' NHS Choices, NHS, www.nhs.uk/conditions/smelly-urine/
- 5. 'Cystitis.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 14 May 2020, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371306
- 6. 'Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 23 Apr. 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447
- 7. 'Type 2 Diabetes.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 20 Jan. 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193
- 8. 'Smelly Urine.' Nidirect, 13 Nov. 2019, www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/smelly-urine
- 9. 'Bladder Fistula.' Bladder Fistula: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment - Urology Care Foundation, www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/b/bladder-fistula
- 10. 'Maple Syrup Urine Disease: MedlinePlus Genetics.' MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Aug. 2020, medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maple-syrup-urine-disease/#inheritance
- 11. 'Trimethylaminuria.' NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders), 21 Oct. 2020, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/trimethylaminuria/
- 12. 'Kidney Stones.' National Kidney Foundation, 21 Jan. 2021, www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones
- 13. Osborne, Bridget V. 'A Nose for Trouble.' The British Journal of General Practice : the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of General Practitioners, Dec. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3505402/
- 14. 'Common Characteristics of Liver Disease.' Johns Hopkins Medicine, [www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-characteristics-of-liver-disease.](http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/common-characteristics-of-liver-disease.)
- 15. 'Liver Disease.' Nidirect, 12 Nov. 2019, www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/liver-disease
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare but serious inherited disorder in which the body fails to process amino acids properly. It affects one in 185,000 infants throughout the world.
Symptoms of this condition frequently occur shortly after birth and may include sweet-smelling urine, lethargy, vomiting and poor eating as well as abnormal movements and delayed development. Sometimes a milder form of MSUD develops later in infancy or during childhood. Seizures, coma and death may result if this disorder remains undiagnosed.10‘Maple Syrup Urine Disease: MedlinePlus Genetics.’ MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Aug. 2020, medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/maple-syrup-urine-disease/#inheritance
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