10 Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms
Symptom #10: Low Self-Esteem
Self-esteem refers to an individual’s emotional evaluation of their own self-worth. It encompasses the beliefs they have about themselves. It can affect emotional states leading to feelings of pride, despair, shame, and so on. It consists of both positive and negative feelings an individual has regarding themselves.
Researchers have found that self-esteem can be used as a predictor for certain outcomes such as happiness, academic achievement, satisfaction in relationships or marriage, criminal behavior, and more. It has been thought that experiences throughout one’s life affects the development of self-esteem. Patients with oppositional defiant disorder have often been observed to have low self-esteem.
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