10 Causes of Muscle Spasms
- 1. 'Muscle Cramp.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 3 Mar. 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/symptoms-causes/syc-20350820.
- 2. Cleary, Michelle A, et al. 'Dehydration and Symptoms of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Normothermic Men.' Journal of Athletic Training, National Athletic Trainers Association, 2006
- 3. Bengtsson, A. 'Muscle in Fibromyalgia.' OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 July 2002, academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/41/7/721/1788210.
- 4. Tardy, Anne-Laure, et al. 'Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence.' Nutrients, MDPI, 16 Jan. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7019700/.
- 5. 'Muscle Weakness: 12 Causes and More.' Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325876.
- 6. Publishing, Harvard Health. 'Take That, Muscle Cramps!' Harvard Health, www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/take-that-muscle-cramps.
- 7. 'Aging Changes in the Bones - Muscles - Joints: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.' MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004015.htm.
- 8. 'Stress Effects.' The American Institute of Stress, 16 June 2020, www.stress.org/stress-effects#body.
- 9. Addiss, Faith. 'Electrolytes - What Are They? What Happens If You Don't Have Enough?' Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/201808/electrolytes-what-are-they-what-happens-if-you-dont-have-enough.
- 10. 'Pinched Nerve in the Back: How to Tell, Causes, and Treatments.' Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pinched-nerve-in-the-back#symptoms.
- 11. Publishing, Harvard Health. 'Is My Medication Causing These Side Effects, or Is It Just Aging?' Harvard Health, www.health.harvard.edu/aging/is-my-medication-causing-these-side-effects-or-is-it-just-aging.
- 12. 'Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid).' UCLA Endocrine Center, www.uclahealth.org/endocrine-center/hypothyroidism.
- 13. 'Dystonia.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 25 Apr. 2020, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350480.
10. Dystonia
Dystonia is a movement disorder that leads to involuntary muscle contractions. There are three types of dystonia: focal dystonia, which affects one area of the body; segmental dystonia, which affects two or more adjacent parts; and general dystonia, which affects the whole body.
Common areas where people experience dystonia include the neck, eyelids, jaw, voicebox, hand, and forearm. Dystonia is a progressive condition that can get worse with anxiety, stress and fatigue.13‘Dystonia.’ Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 25 Apr. 2020, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dystonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350480.
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