10 Geographic Tongue Symptoms
Article Sources
- 1. 'Geographic Tongue - Symptoms and Causes.' Mayo Clinic, 6 Mar. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396
- 2. Shareef S, Ettefagh L. 'Geographic Tongue.' 2020 Aug 10. In: StatPearls /[Internet/]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32119353
- 3. 'Oral Mucosal Changes Induced by Anticancer Targeted Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.' Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28224235
- 4. Liang, Jianying et al. 'Mutations in IL36RN are associated with geographic tongue.' Human genetics vol. 136,2 (2017): 241-252. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00439-016-1750-y.pdf
- 5. 'Down Syndrome - Symptoms and Causes.' Mayo Clinic, 8 Mar. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977
- 6. Bilgili, S Gunes et al. 'Mucocutaneous disorders in children with down syndrome: case-controlled study.' Genetic counseling (Geneva, Switzerland) vol. 22,4 (2011): 385-92
- 7. 'Fissured Tongue.' Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 1 Nov. 2019, www.ccjm.org/content/86/11/714/tab-figures-data
- 8. Katz J, Shenkman A, Stavropoulos F, Melzer E. 'Oral signs and symptoms in relation to disease activity and site of involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.' Oral Dis. 2003 Jan;9(1):34-40. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1034/j.1601-0825.2003.00879.x
- 9. Gonzaga, H F S et al. 'Environmental factors in benign migratory glossitis and psoriasis: retrospective study of the association of emotional stress and alcohol and tobacco consumption with benign migratory glossitis and cutaneous psoriasis.' Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV vol. 29,3 (2015): 533-6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jdv.12616
Family History of Geographic Tongue
Geographic tongue is a trait that may be passed down through generations of family members. There may be no other recollections other than, "Grandma had a weird-looking tongue!" A known genetic link exists between geographic tongue and other oral mucosal conditions such as generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).1‘Geographic Tongue - Symptoms and Causes.’ Mayo Clinic, 6 Mar. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/geographic-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20354396
Some cases of geographic tongues have been associated with mutations in the IL36RN gene, suggesting a genetic component of this condition. Geographic tongue is also linked with fissured tongue, a condition with strong genetic predisposition.4Liang, Jianying et al. ‘Mutations in IL36RN are associated with geographic tongue.’ Human genetics vol. 136,2 (2017): 241-252. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00439-016-1750-y.pdf
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