10 Causes of Orthostatic Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension, or postural hypotension, describes the condition where an individual’s blood pressure falls when they stand up from a sitting or lying position. It can be defined as a decrease of at least 20 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure or 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure within the first 3 minutes of standing up.
It is thought to be due to the delayed constriction of the blood vessels in the lower body. Due to the delayed constriction, the blood remains pooled in the legs for a longer duration with less returning to the heart. This reduces cardiac output and causes orthostatic hypotension. Mild cases are common and can occur in anyone. However, it is most commonly seen among the elderly and individuals with low blood pressure. Severe decreases in blood pressure can lead to fainting and injuries from falls.
Treatment involves treating the underlying cause, increasing salt intake, ensuring hydration, wearing compression socks, and taking medications (midodrine and fludrocortisone). Below are 10 causes of hypotension to be aware of.
