10 Moyamoya Symptoms
- 1. 'Moyamoya Disease.' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1 May 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/moyamoya-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355591
- 2. Zach, Victor, et al. 'Headache Associated with Moyamoya Disease: a Case Story and Literature Review.' The Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 11, no. 1, 2009, pp. 79–82
- 3. 'Moyamoya Disease Information Page.' National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Moyamoya-Disease-Information-Page
- 4. 'Epilepsy.' Johns Hopkins Medicine, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/epilepsy
- 5. Noda, S et al. 'Ocular symptoms of moyamoya disease.' American journal of ophthalmology vol. 103,6 (1987)
- 6. 'Ministroke vs. Regular Stroke: What's the Difference?' Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 26 May 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/faq-20058390
- 7. 'Symptoms of Moyamoya Disease.' Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, 16 July 2018, weillcornellbrainandspine.org/condition/moyamoya-disease/symptoms-moyamoya-disease
- 8. McNamara, Lindsay. 'Moyamoya Disease.' Johns Hopkins Pediatric Neurovascular Center, 5 Oct. 2015, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology/neurosurgery/centers/clinics/pediatric/neurovascular/conditions/moyamoya/disease.html
Twitching and Involuntary Movements
Involuntary movements, twitches and muscle spasms may all occur as a result of moyamoya disease. Those with the condition may suffer involuntary movements during a TIA or at random, especially once ministrokes or regular strokes have occurred. This symptom may also signal that a stroke or ministroke is about to occur.
With proper management of moyamoya disease, these involuntary movements may stop. If the disease reaches an advanced stage before being successfully addressed, this symptom may be permanent.7‘Symptoms of Moyamoya Disease.’ Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center, 16 July 2018, weillcornellbrainandspine.org/condition/moyamoya-disease/symptoms-moyamoya-disease
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