What Is Erythema Multiforme?
5. Causes of Erythema Multiforme
As previously mentioned, erythema multiforme is the result of an overreaction of the immune system to a molecule (antigen) which would not typically trigger an immune response (hypersensitivity reaction). During this process, certain white blood cells of the immune system (lymphocytes), infiltrate the skin and directly or indirectly destroy skin cells. Importantly, this immune reaction can be triggered by either bacteria, viruses, or chemical products. Nevertheless, almost half of the cases of erythema multiforme are idiopathic, which means that no specific precipitating cause is identified in those cases.
Importantly, infections are a common trigger for this condition and they happen to be more common among children. For instance, a common cause of erythema multiforme minor in young adults is Herpes simplex virus (HSV). However, many other viral and bacterial infections can also trigger this immune reaction. In addition, drugs are also responsible for roughly half of the cases of erythema multiforme major (i.e. sulfa drugs, certain antibiotics, drugs for tuberculosis). Finally, other triggers for this condition such as immunological disorders, foods (i.e. preservatives), malignancies, and tattooing have been reported.
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