Macules Causes, Treatments and More
Article Sources
- 1. Julia Benedetti, et al. 'Description of Skin Lesions - Dermatologic Disorders.' Merck Manuals Professional Edition, Merck Manuals, www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/approach-to-the-dermatologic-patient/description-of-skin-lesions
- 2. Plensdorf, Scott, et al. 'Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management.' American Family Physician, 15 Dec. 2017, www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1215/p797.html
- 3. Madireddy, Sowmya. 'Hypopigmented Macules.' StatPearls /[Internet/]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 9 Oct. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563245/
- 4. Stulberg, Daniel L., et al. 'Common Hyperpigmentation Disorders in Adults: Part I. Diagnostic Approach, Cafe Au Lait Macules, Diffuse Hyperpigmentation, Sun Exposure, and Phototoxic Reactions.' American Family Physician, 15 Nov. 2003, www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1115/p1955.html
- 5. Toledo Peral, Cinthya Lourdes, et al. 'An Application for Skin Macules Characterization Based on a 3-Stage Image-Processing Algorithm for Patients with Diabetes.' Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Hindawi, 16 Dec. 2018, www.hindawi.com/journals/jhe/2018/9397105/
- 6. 'Achromic Naevus.' Achromic Naevus | DermNet NZ, www.dermnetnz.org/topics/achromic-naevus/
- 7. Jha, Suman K. 'Cafe Au Lait Macules.' StatPearls /[Internet/]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 16 Nov. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557492/
Freckles and Liver Spots
Solar lentigines, also known as liver spots, are small light yellow to dark brown macules. They commonly occur on the face, hands, arms, back, chest and shins as a result of UV exposure.
Ephelides, or freckles, are small, uniformly colored macules about one to two millimeters in diameter. They're commonly seen on the face, chest, neck, arms and shoulders. Freckles may be red, tan or light brown and occur in numbers ranging from just a handful to several hundred.4Stulberg, Daniel L., et al. ‘Common Hyperpigmentation Disorders in Adults: Part I. Diagnostic Approach, Cafe Au Lait Macules, Diffuse Hyperpigmentation, Sun Exposure, and Phototoxic Reactions.’ American Family Physician, 15 Nov. 2003, www.aafp.org/afp/2003/1115/p1955.html
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