Dyspepsia Symptoms, Causes & More
Article Sources
- 1. Harmon, R Christopher, and David A Peura. ‘Evaluation and Management of Dyspepsia.’ Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, SAGE Publications, Mar. 2010, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002574/
- 2. Madisch, Ahmed, et al. ‘The Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia.’ Deutsches Arzteblatt International, Deutscher Arzte Verlag, 30 Mar. 2018, [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5938438/.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5938438/.)
- 3. Pesce, Marcella, et al. ‘Diet and Functional Dyspepsia: Clinical Correlates and Therapeutic Perspectives.’ World Journal of Gastroenterology, Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7 Feb. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7015717/
Complications
Complications may occur in rare cases of persistent and severe dyspepsia. These may include narrowing of the esophagus, narrowing of the pyloric valve between the stomach and small intestine, and peritonitis.
Extended exposure to stomach acid may scar the upper gastrointestinal tract. Likewise, excess stomach acid may lead to long-term irritation and scarring of the pylorus, which connects the stomach and the intestine. Over the long-term, stomach acid may also erode the gastrointestinal lining and lead to an inflammation of the peritoneum, or peritonitis.
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